HAKI ZA WAZEE KWA MATAMKO YA SERA YA TAIFA YA WAZEE, MATAMKO YA KIMATAIFA NA CHANGAMOTO ZINAZOWAKABILI WAZEE

• Utangulizi:

Haki ni stahili anayopaswa kupata mtu, kisheria ama kwa kuzaliwa, haki hiii humpa mtu uhuru wa kutenda au kumiliki (Chanzo:kanuni ya Oxford).

Azimio la umoja wa mataifa namba 46 la mwaka 1991 limeweka bayana kuwa wazee wana haki zifuatazo:(i) kuwa huru (ii) kushiriki na kushirikishwa (iii) kutunzwa (iv) kujiendeleza/kukukza utu wake (v) kuheshimiwa [Chanzo: sera ya Taifa ya wazee 2003).

• Hali ya kiujumla ya wazee:

Kwa mujibu wa sera ya Taifa ya wazee, wazee wanakabiliwa na changamoto nyingi, kama umasikini, magonjwa, kutowekwa katika mipango ya maendeleo, n.k.

Umasikini:

Hii ni tatizo kubwa sana hasa kwa wazee wengi ambao walikuwa katika ajira zisizo katika mfumo rasmi kama wavuvi, wafugaji, wakulima wa mazao. Kwa sababu kundi hili halimo katika mfumo wowote rasmi wa hifadhi ya jamii. Pia wazee wastaafu walio katika mpango wa hifadhi ya jamii wanakumbwa na matatizo yanayotokana na urasimu wa kupata huduma (Chanzo: sera ya Taifa ya wazee, 2003). Mikakati iliyopo sasa haihusishi wazee katika kuondoa umasikini, hii ni kutokana kwa sababu hakuna sheria yeyote inayosimamia utekelezaji wa sera hii.

Magonjwa:

• Licha ya Serikali kugawa kadi za kuwapatia wazee huduma ya matibabu, changamoto kubwa imejitokeza ya kukosa dawa. Wazee wengi hawana uwezo wa kumudu gharama za ununuzi wa dawa licha ya matibabu kutolewa bure.
• Ugonjwa wa UKIMWI ambao ni janga kubwa, bado elimu ya kutosha haijatolewa kwa wazee. Wazee hawajumuishwi vya kutosha katika mapambano dhidi ya UKIMWI, licha ya kwamba mzigo wa kuuguza wagonjwa wa UKIMWI majumbani wamebeba wao, pamoja na ulezi wa watoto yatima (sera ya Taifa 2003, uk:10), licha ya sera kutoa ushirikishwaji wa wazee.

Mipango ya maendeleo:

• Mipango mingi ya maendeleo haiwashirikishi na kujumuisha wazee katika bajeti za halmashauri na ngazi mbalimbali. Hii inatokana na kukosekana kwa uwakilishi katika vyombo vya maamuzi kama Kamati ya maendeleo ya Kata; Baraza la Madiwani na Bunge. Sera ya Taifa ya wazee inasema na kutoa ahadi kwamba: Utawekwa utaratibu utakaowashirikisha wazee katika uandaaji na utekelezaji wa mipango ya maendeleo katika ngazi mbalimbali.

Kutokuwepo kwa mfuko wa wazee:

• Kutokuwepo na mfuko wa wazee wa kukopa umechangia wazee wengi kushindwa kuanzisha na kuendesha miradi ya maendeleo ambayo wanaimudu. Fursa za kukopeshwa vitendea kazi kama matrekta madogo n.k. ambayo kupitia vijana wa Azaki wangeweza kusaidiwa kulimia mashamba yao. Sera ya Taifa ya wazee ya mwaka 2003 inatoa ahadi kwamba Serikali itaanda mfuko wa wazee (Revolving Loan Fund) kuwawezesha wazee kukopa ili waendeshe miradi yao(Chanzo: Sera ya Taifa ya wazee, 2003).

Kutokuwemo katika hifadhi ya jamii kwa wazee waliostaafu katika ajira zisizo rasmi:

• Mfumo wa hifadhi ya jamii uliopo unawahudumia wazee waliokuwa wameajiriwa katika sekta rasmi tu. Ikumbukwe ya kwamba wazee wengine pia wamelijenga Taifa, kupitia kodi zao katika shughuli mbalimbali za uzalishaji mali kama kilimo, ufugaji wa mifugo, uvuvi n.k. Kodi zao zilitumika katika kujenga miundo mbinu na n.k.

MAPENDEKEZO:

(i) Kutungwa kwa sheria: Kutokana na kutokuwepo kwa sheria yeyote inayosimamia utekelezwaji wa sera ya wazee, sera hii ya mwaka 2003 imebakia kuwa katika maandishi bila ,kuwepo katika vitendo. Hivyo basi kuwepo kwa sheria kutasaidia utekelezwaji wa sera.

(ii) Halmashauri za wilaya zitenge fedha kupitia mfuko maalumu wa wilaya ili kuwawezesha wazee kupata huduma na pia kuendesha shughuli mbalimbali kupitia katika vikundi.

(iii) Halmashauri kupitia idara ya maendeleo ya jamii na mipango iandae daftari la takwimu kubaini idadi ya wazee.

(iv) Wazee kupata uwakilishi katika vyombo vya maamuzi katika ngazi zote za kata, Halmashauri na Bunge, hii itasaidia kuhakikisha kuwa hawasauliki kuwekwa katika mipango ya maendeleo, aidha kuhakikisha Bajeti inaweka fungu la kuwahudumia wazee.

(v) Halmashauri kutengeneza mbinu/mfumo utakao wawezesha wazee kupata vyote Tiba na Dawa.

(vi) Mgawanyo wa majukumu wa kuwasaidia wazee katika kutekeleza sera ya wazee uzingatiwe na kuwekwa katika vitendo kuanzia serikali kuu hadi ngazi ya familia.

(vi) Baraza ya wazee yatimize wajibu wao wa kuhakikisha kwamba wanasimamia malengo ya uanzishwaji wa Mabaraza hayo ya kudai haki bora ya maisha ya wazee kwa ujumla.Hii ni katika ngazi zote kwa Mabaraza yaliyoundwa tayari, kwani ndiyo sehemu ya kupazi sauti za wazee.

RIGHTS OF ELDERS TO STATEMENTS OF POLICIES FOR ELDERS NATIONAL, INTERNATIONAL AND STATEMENTS OF ELDERS challenges

• Introduction:

Truth is worthy he should find someone, legally or by birth, right hiii it gives a person the freedom to act or ownership (Source: the principle of Oxford).

UN Resolution No. 46 of 1991 has kept it clear that parents have the following rights: (i) be free (ii) participation and involvement, (iii) be maintained, (iv) develop / kukukza his personality (v) honored [Source: policy State of the elderly in 2003).

• General conditions of the elderly:

According to the National Policy elderly, the elderly are faced with many challenges, like poverty, disease, kutowekwa in development plans, etc.

Poverty:

This is a very serious problem, especially for many elderly people who were in non-formal employment as fishermen, farmers, crop farmers. Because this group is not in any formal system of social protection. Also pensioners who are in the social security program are experienced complications and bureaucracy of accessing services (Source: National policy of the elderly, 2003). The current strategy excludes the elderly in poverty, this is due because there is no any law governing the implementation of this policy.

Diseases:

• Despite the government distributed the cards to give the elderly for medical care, the challenge of lack of medicine happened. Many elderly are unable to afford the purchase of drugs despite treatment free of charge.
• AIDS epidemic, which is great, still not given adequate education for the elderly. Elders are not included enough in the fight against AIDS, despite the burden of AIDS patients kuuguza uphold their homes, with the care of orphans and vulnerable children (National Policy 2003, pp: 10), despite the involvement of older policies provide.

Development plans:

• Most of the development plans iwashirikishi to include elders in council budgets at different levels. This is due to the lack of representation in decision making bodies such as the development of the County Committee, the House of Councillors and House. National policy says elders and make a commitment that: You will be assigned procedure elders whom you will share in the development and implementation of development plans at various levels.

Absence of a bag of old:

• Absence and older to borrow fund has contributed to many older people fail to establish and operate development projects which they afford. Savings opportunities tools as small tractors etc. that through youth NGOs could help to cultivate their fields. National Policy on older 2003 holds the promise that the Government fund itaanda seniors (Revolving Loan Fund) to enable the elderly to borrow waendeshe their projects (Source: National Policy on older, 2003).

Kutokuwemo in social protection for older people who retired in informal employment:

• Social security system prevailing still serving older who were employed in the formal sector only. It should be noted that some elders have also been built nation, through their taxes on income generating activities like agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries etc. their taxes spent on building infrastructure and etc.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

(I) enactment of legislation: Due to the absence of any rules governing the implementation of the policy of the elderly, this policy in 2003 has remained in the text would, in practice there. Thus the existence of the law will help the implementation of the policy.

(Ii) District Council zitenge funds through a special fund of the district to enable older people to access and also run various activities through the group.

(Iii) the Board through the department of community development and planning exercise to prepare the data to determine the number of elderly.

(Iv) Elderly to get representation in decision making bodies at all levels of county, Council and Parliament, this will help ensure that they sauliki placed in development plans, either to ensure the budget makes the portion of serving the elderly.

(V) Council forming method / system that will enable older people to get all the therapy and medication.

(Vi) Allocation of responsibilities to help elderly in implementing policies for the elderly shall be observed and put into practice from central government to the family level.

(Vi) The council of elders to meet their responsibility to ensure that they manage the goals of the establishment of these councils the right to demand better quality of life of elders is to ujumla.Hii Councils at all levels already constructed, as part of the village elder voices of elders.