WWF, VICOBA MKOMBOZI WA MAZINGIRA MTWARA,

Na ASIA KILAMBWANDA, Mtwara

            Katika kufahamu umuhimu wa mazingira na jinsi ya uharibifu wa mali asili ilivyo wadau wa mazingira wakishirikiana na Serikali wanafanya jitihada au njia mbadala za kukomesha uharibifu huo.

            Mtwara ni Mkoa unaotambulika kwa kuwa na rasilimali nyingi za kimaendeleo zinazopaswa kulindwa na kutunzwa hususani maeneo yaliyokaribu na bahari pamoja na misitu, hivyo basi endapo maeneo hayo hayatotunzwa yanaweza kuhatarisha hali ya Uchumi wa Mkoa na Taifa nzima.

            Kutokana na hali hii Shirika la Kimataifa linaloshughulika na utunzaji wa mazingira na maendeleo ya Jamii la World Wide Fund for a living planet (WWD) wakishrikiana na shirika linaloshughulikia mikakati ya maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi la Social and Economic Development Initiatives of Tanzania (SEDIT) Wanaweza kuanzisha mfumo wa kibenki wa kuweka na kukopa ujulikanao kama Village Community Banks (VICOBA) ambavyo vinalenga kuwakwamua na wanachi katika hali duni ya maisha na kuhuisha eneo la Hifadhi ya Bahari ya Ghuba ya Mnazi na Maingiliano yam to Ruvuma ambalo litakuwa hatarini kutoweka kutokana na wakazi wengi wa meneo hayo kutegemea zaidi Rasilimali Bahari katika kuendesha maisha yao ya kila siku.

            Kupitia tathmini inayofanywa na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa SEDIT, Benson Wadelanga katika eneo la Hifadhi chini ya Meneja wa mradi Mkoani Mtwara Elias Mungaya inaonesha mfumo wa kumiliki unendesha na WWF katika eneo la hifadhi umeondesha mafanikio makubwa kutoka na mwamko wa wananchi katika kuendesha shughuli za kimaendeleo mbali na rasilimali bahari kama biashara ndogondogo zinazojumuisha ufugaji wa nyuki, ufugaji wa samaki, kuuza nyanya (mbogamboga) sabuni, kuku, mgahawa, nguo na maandazi.

            Miradi mingine ni pamoja na uvuvi, kilimo cha mpunga, muhogo, korosho, mahindi na mazao mengine ya biashara na chakula.

            Pia mradi wa VICOBA umeweza kuwafanya jamii ya eneo la hifadhi kuondakana na utegemezi kutokana na kupenda kujishughulisha jambao amabaoo limewafanya baadhi ya vikundi kikiwemo cha Juhudi katika kijiji cha Tangazo waweze kufikia hatua ya kununua gari ya kubebea mizigo Mei 6, 2011 lenye namba za Usajili T767ADA aina ya Iruzu, vikundi vingine vina miradi ya ufugaji wa ng’ombe wa maziwa na ujenzi wa Ofisi kwa ajili ya kuendeshea miradi yao.

            Kama ilivyo kawaida palipo mafanikio hapakosi changamoto, baadhi ya changamoto zinazowakabili jamii iishio eleo la hifadhi na pamoja na kutokuwaq na eleimu ya mazingira, elimu ndogo ya ujasiliamali na hata wale walio ndani ya mfumo wa VICOBA kuwa waoga kwa kufanya biashara zao binafsi kutokana na mazoea ya kutegemea rasilimali bahari.

            Hali ambayo Wadelanga ilimsikitisha na kulazimika kuwatia moyo wanakikundi wa kila kikundi cha VICOBA alivyokifanyia tathmini ya mendeleo tangu vianzishwe mwaka 2008.

            Hifadhi ya Bahari ya Ghuba ya Mnazi na Mainglio ya Mto Ruvuma kuna takribani vijiji 11 ambavyo kwa ujumla kinakadiriwa kuwa na watu wapatao 30,000 wanaishi kuzunguka enelo la uhifadhi chini ya mradi wa maendleo ya jamii na matumizi endelevu ya rasilimali za bahari.

            Kwa mujibu wa Wadelanga VICOBA ni mfumo wa kuweka na kukopa unaolenga kumuendeleza mwnanchi mwenye kipato kidogo katika kujikwamua kiuchumi mfumo wa VICOBA uliibuliwa mara ya kwanza nchini Naija Afrika Magaribi kwa msaada wa shirika la CARE International, 1991 ambao ulijulikana kama mata masu Dubara (MMD) wenye maana ya jitihada za kinamama katika kutafuta maendeleo.

            Baada ya mfumo huu kuonesha mafanikio nchi zijulikanazo kama West Nile yaani Zimbabwe, Msumbiji, Uganda na ile ya Eritrea ziliiga mfumo huu ambako pia umeweza kuondsha mafanikio katika kuinua hali ya kipato cha watu wenye hali duni.

            Aidha hapa nchini mufumo huu uliingizwa kwa msaada wa Shirika la Care Tanzania na kuendeshwa mara ya kwanza katika Visiwa vya Unguja na Pemba, Zanzibar, baada ya kupata mafanikio makubwa ndipo mfumo huu ukaanza kuenezwa na wakufunzi wa shirika la SEDIT katika maeneo mbalimbali ya Tanzania bara kwa msaada wa taasis, Halmashauri za Wilaya na Mashirika mbalimbali ya kimaendolo.

            Kwa upande wa Mkoa wa Mtwara shughuli ya kuratibu mfumo wa VICOBA ndani ya eneo la Hifadhi ya bahari ya Ghuba ya Mnazi na maingili yam to Ruvuma inatekelezwa kwa ushirikiano wa karibu kati ya WWF, Hifadhi ya Bahari (Marine Park), Halmashauri ya Wilaya ya Mtwara pamoja na asasi isiyo ya kiserikali iitwayo kikundi mwavuli Mtwara (KIMWAM).

            Hatupaswi kubeza jitihada za WWF katika kuinua miradi mbadala ya kukwamua hali ya uhalibifu wa mazingira kwa kubuni miradi ya kimaendeleo kwa jamii yenye hali ya chini.

            “tangu tupate elimu ya ujasiliamali na utunzaji wa mazingira katika eneo la uhifadhi na hata maeneo yanayotuzunguka kumeweza kumudu maisha pasipo kutegemea rasilimali za bahari kama vile kuvua kwa kutumia nyavu zenye matundu madodo/uvuvi harama au uvuvi wa makokoto kama wengine wanavyofahamu), kukatamiti ovyo na kuchoma misitu kwa niaba ya matumizi ya mkaa na uchomaji wa chokaa badala yake tumeweza kutunza mazingira na nyanzo vya maji kwa kupanda miti na kufanya biashara tofauti na mazingira ya bahari”, ni kauli ya Hassan Mwarabu mmoja wa mwanakikundi cha Juhudi kilichopo kijiji cha Tangazo Mkoani Mtwara kati ya vikundi 30 vya VICOBA vilivyounda na WWF na SEDIT kuzunguka eneo la Hifadhi.

            Aidha kwa kupunguza utegemezi wa bahari kwa kutengeza mabwawa wanavicoba kwa kushirikiana na wanakijiji wanasimamia shughuli za uhamishishaji wa upandaji wa miti na kusiriki katika sherehe za mzaingira.

            Ukipitia rejea uharibifu wa mazingira umechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kukauka kwa vyanzo vya maji ambavyo ni chanzo kikubwa cha nishati ya umeme ambayo husaidia kurahisisha shughuli mbalimbali za maendleo na kwa matumizi ya jamii kama kupika chakula.

            Awali miaka ya 1961 maji yliyojitosheleza katika mabwawa ya kuzalishia umeme na kuwezesha kupaikana kwa megawati 4,700 kwa mujibu wa tafiti zilizofanywa na wataalamu wa mazingira kutokashiriki la mpango wa maendeleo la Umoja wa Mataifa (UNDP) ambapo kwa sasa tafiti zinaonesha vyanzo vya maji vinaonesha kuzalisha asilimia 560 tu hali ambayo haipaswi kufumbua macho.

            Wakati wa wandaaji wa Mkakati wa kukuza uchumi na kupungza umasikini (MKUKUTA) wadau walijaribu kubuni njia za kukabiliana na uhalibifu wa mazingira, mbinu hizo zililenga kupunguza idadi ya watu wanaotumia kuni kutoka asilimia 90 hadi 80 kwa MKUKUTA-I wa mwaka 2003, mbinu ambazo zililegnga kurudisha baadhi ya asili ya mazingira ambazo hazikufanikiwa kwani katika mapitio ya MKUKUTA wa kwanza hali ilionesha watumiaji kuni ulifikia asilimia 99 mwishoni mwa mwaka 2009.

            Wakati MKUKUTA wa kwanza haukufanikiwa kupungza uharibifu, MKUKUTA –II umeibuka na adhima ya MKUKUTA -1 wa kupunguza watumiaji wa nishati ya kuni katoka asilimia 90 hadi 80 ikizingatiwa kuwa suala la uhifahi wa mazingira si la serikali pekee bali ni la ushirika kati ya serikali na jamii kwa ujumla.

            Moja kati ya madhara makubwa yanayotokana na uharibufu wa mazingira ni ongezeko la joto (Global Warming) linalosababisha uharibifu na tabaka la hewa ya OZONI.

            Tabaka la Ozoni (ozone layer) ni blanketi lililo juu ya uso wa dunia linalosaidia kuzuia mionzi mikali ya jua (utra-violet-rays) isifikie anga ya dunia bila kuchujwa.

            Uharibifu wa tabaka la hewa ya ozone husababisha kuruhusu mionzi ya jua aina ya utraxiolet b kufika ardhini na kusababisha magonjwa ya kansa ya ngozi, uharibufu wa macho kama vile motto wa jicho ambao baada yae husababisha upofu, upunfufu wa kinga na magonjwa mengine ya ngozi, pia ongezeko la joto linalotokana na uharibifu wa ozone ni kuathiri fiziolojia ya mimea na mabadiliko ya tabia nchi kama vile kukauka kwa vyanzo vya maji, mimea na jangwa.

            Vitu vinavyosababisha uharibu wa takala la hewa ya ozone unatokana na gesi zinazotumika katika majokofu, viyoyozi, vifaa vy kuzimia moto chuma utengenezaji magodoro, uchomaji takataka moshi wa viwanjani, kemikali na dawa zinazotumika kuhifadhi nafaka katika maghala, vitalu vya tumbaku na kilimo chamaua.

            Kuelimisha na kuhamasisha umma kuhusu umuhum wa tabaka la hewa ya Ozoni na uharibifu wa mazingira na athari zake kwa kizazi cha sasa na baadaye na athari zake kwa kizazi cha sasa na badaye ni jambo la muhimu katika kuhfadhi takala hilo.

            Aidha kila mdau wa Mazinga anapaswa kuwepoka kuingia gisi zisizorafiki wa mazingira ambazo zimepiigwa marukuku kuingia nchini na vifaa vinavyotumia gesi hizo kama vile majokofu na kiyoyozi vilivyotumika (Mitumba).

Mambo ya kuzingatia katika kuhifadhi mazingira na Takaba la ozone; Nunua bidhaa zilizowekwa nembo isemayo “Rafiki wa mazingira (Ozoni)”.

            Kutumia njia mbadala za kuhifadhi mazingira ni sehemu ya kuokoa uharibifu wa mzaingra, hivyo basi huhudi za WWF na SEDIT katika kutoa mafunzo ya shughuli za kibeki vijijini (VICOBA) ni sehemu muhimu inayolenga kuwakwamua wananchi na kuwafanya waweze kuyalinda mazingira katika uhai kama upandaji miti na vinavyofanana navyo.

            Kumbuka kwamba inawezekana kuokoa mazingira na anga  isiangamie endapo kila mmoja atatimiza wajibu wake. Juhudi zozote za kupunguza matumizi ya kemikali hizo zitaleta matokeo ya manufaa kwenye urejeshi wa tabaka la ozone katika hail ya kawaida. Juhudi za kila mmoja wetu zinatakiwa ili kupunguza na kuondosha madhara haya yanayosababishwa na bidhaa tunazonunua majumbani au sehemu za biashara.

WWF, Environmental Liberation VICOBA MTWARA,

And Asia KILAMBWANDA, Mtwara

In understanding the importance of the environment and how the destruction of natural resources according to environmental stakeholders in collaboration with the Government to make a bid or alternative ways of ending the damage.

Mtwara Region is otambulika is to have many resources development The fault protection and care especially yaliyokaribu and sea areas and forests, so if these areas could jeopardize the state yatotunzwa Economic Region and the whole nation.

Given this situation the United Nations dealing with environmental protection and social development of World Wide Fund for a living planet (WWD) were shrikiana organization linaloshughulikia strategies for social development and economic development of the Social and Economic Development Initiatives of Tanzania (SEDIT) Can establish a system of banking the savings and credit known as the Village Community Banks (VICOBA) which are targeted kuwakwamua and citizens in poor life and revive the area of ​​Marine Park Gulf of Mnazi and Interaction yam to Ruvuma that would risk disappearing from many residents of these areas rely heavily on ocean resources in conducting their daily lives.

Through the evaluation being done by the Executive Director of SEDIT, Benson Wadelanga in the area of ​​the park under the Manager of the project in Mtwara region Elias Mungaya shows the system of ownership unendesha and WWF in the area of ​​the park has ondesha success from the awareness of citizens in the conduct of development activities from ocean resources such as small businesses that include bee keeping, fish farming, selling tomatoes (vegetable) soap, poultry, restaurant, clothing and usually.

Other projects include fishing, farming, rice, cassava, cashew nuts, corn and other crops and food business.

Also project VICOBA you can make the community a storage area kuondakana and dependency from love engaging jambao amabaoo have given some groups, including the efforts in the village of Ad able to reach the point of buying a car carrying loads May 6, 2011 with registration number T767ADA type The Iruzu, other groups have projects in dairy farming and construction of offices for running their projects.

As is usual where success is not without challenges, some of the challenges facing society iishio postponement of reserves and with kutokuwaq and eleimu the environment, education, small entrepreneurship, and even those within the system VICOBA be cowardly to do their business private from practices depending on sea resources.

Situation which forced Wadelanga ilimsikitisha and encourage group members of each group was VICOBA vyokifanyia vianzishwe evaluation of progress since 2008.

Conservation of Sea and Gulf of Mnazi Mainglio Ruvuma River is approximately 11 villages which are generally estimated that some 30,000 people living around enelo of storage under the project maendleo communities and sustainable use of ocean resources.

According to Wadelanga VICOBA is a system of savings and borrowing focusing kumuendeleza Citizens with low incomes in to get rid of the economic system VICOBA the ibuliwa the first time in Naija Africa Magaribi to support agency CARE International, 1991 which was known as Mata masu Dubara (MMD) with for the efforts of women in seeking development.

After the success of this system show zijulikanazo as West Nile countries namely Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Uganda and Eritrea ziliiga the system where you can also kuondsha successful in raising the income situation of poor people.

Also here in mufumo was embedded with the assistance of the Organization of Care in Tanzania and conducted the first in the Islands of Unguja and Pemba, Zanzibar, after the huge success that this system began to spread and trainers of the organization SEDIT in different areas of Tanzania mainland for support institutions, District Councils and...